PCB Design For LED Switching Power Supply

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In the early stages of designing electronic equipment, the circuit schematic must be accurately designed. Any problems in the PCB design can hurt the equipment's reliability. For instance, overlooking power supply and ground wire interference can cause product performance degradation. Therefore, the correct approach must be used in the PCB board design.

Switching power supply PCB boards typically have four current loops, which consist of the input signal source current loop, the power switch AC loop, the output rectifier AC loop, and the output load current loop. The input circuit charges the input capacitor with approximately DC, which primarily acts as a broadband tank. Similarly, the output filter capacitor stores high-frequency energy from the output rectifier while eliminating the DC energy from the output load circuit. The input and output filter capacitor terminals are vital, and the input and output current loop should be connected only from the filter capacitor terminals to the power supply.
 

PCB Design For LED Switching Power Supply

The input and output circuit settings and connections for the entire PCB board are crucial, as they can directly affect the size of electromagnetic interference. If the input and output circuits, the power switch, and the connection between the rectifier circuit and the capacitor are not directly connected to the terminal, the exchange of energy from the input or output filter capacitor, and the radiation to the environment can occur. The power switch AC circuit and rectifier AC circuit contain high-amplitude trapezoidal current, with high harmonic content and frequency much larger than the fundamental frequency of the switch. The peak amplitude can be up to 5 times the continuous input and output DC amplitude, with the transition time usually about 50ns. These two loops are highly susceptible to electromagnetic interference, so these AC loops must be laid out before routing other traces in the power supply.

In the LED switching power supply input, each loop consists of three main components: filter capacitors, power switches or rectifiers, and inductors or transformers. These three components should be placed next to each other, with the components positioned so that the current path between them is as short as possible. The best way to create a switching power supply layout is similar to its electrical design. The best design flow is as follows: Place the Transformer → Design Power Switch Current Loop → Design Output Rectifier Current Loop → Connect to the AC Power Circuit Control Circuit → Design Input Current Source Loop and Input filter.

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